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JOHN MILTON
John Milton was born in
He was fascinated by Italian culture and writers like 232d36c Dante and Petrarch influenced his first works, L'Allegro e Il Penseroso. His father wanted him to take religious order, but he refused when Cardinal Laud romanized the Anglican ritual. In 1634 he wrote Comus, about the importance of chastity, and Lycidas on the death of a friend of him.
In 1638
In 1644
In 1649 he wrote Tenure of Kings and
Magistrates in which he justified the execution of Charles I. Parliament
enjoyed this work and named him Foreign Secretary in the new Commonwealth and
became private secretary of Cromwell. He wrote Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio
and Pro Populo Anglicano Secunda Defensio, both in Latin. In 1643
At the beginning it was composed by 10 books,
but
In book I Satan, expelled from Heaven, lives in
hell. He summons the rebel Angels for taking revenge on God: he wants to
corrupt the
In book V and VI Raphael warns Adam and Eve to
beware of Satan's temptation. In book Ix Adam and Eve eat the forbidden fruit
from the tree of knowledge. They are sent out of
SONNET- ON HIS BLINDNESS
The primary theme of the sonnet is the blindness of the poet. He became blind in the third period of his production. In the first line there is a metaphor, LIGHT, that stands for SIGHT and for LIFE.
Spent has two different meaning:
- used up (consumata);
- for consonance with Italian is SPENTA.
The second line remembers the first line of Dante's Divina Commedia. Here there is a sound device: the alliteration of "D" and "W".
With the phrase "DARK WORLD" the poet expresses the world in which he lives that is full of sins. The contrast between LIGHT and DARK underline the inferiority of the poet because of he can't see.
The word TALENT, in the third line has two different meaning:
- For consonance with Italian (talento) it means ABILITY, GIFT;
- Literary it means COIN, connected with puritan theory and importance of work.
By analyzing this line (3), the poet want to express an important concept, that is everyone receives gift that must be exploited. By referring to the parable of three servants, the poet identify himself in the third one because God asks him why he isn't exploited the poetic talent he has received.
The poet answers that even though he is sure to serve God, he doesn't exploit his talent at best because he can't see.
TALENT is a specific word connected with trade
together with ACCOUNT and DAY-LABOUR (this is also a metaphor for WORK). He uses these words to suggest a transaction
between God and man. ACCOUNT in this context means the total value of
Then the poet asks the Patience (there is a personification) if God measures actual work done by people with a disability.
YOKE is a device worn by some animals by which their master can direct them, so it stands for BONDAGE. In this case this word symbolizes the complex relationship between God and Man; in fact for the puritans God is seen as a master of men whose purpose in life is to serve him. If people don't oppose God's directions but follows them, their yoke becomes mild and they serve him best, and so got the salvation.
The sonnet is divided into:
- an octave, which theme is the blindness and at the same time there is a sort of complain;
- a sestet which theme is the resignation.
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