MIDDLE-AGES: society
based on fees , composed : barons, knights , baesans(villans , serfs,) in 14th
new class ( middleclass was stood betw. Knights , peasants) religions belived
that life of soul is real one , the planet system was earth-centred, god -centre.
Lyric character( virgin mary)
topic (love nature) used metrical romances develop in roma
france
Britain.
Ballad ( popular form of litt., first
oral , accompanying of music , mix dialogue -narration , assonance repetition,
4 line stanzas) chaucher in cantemb. Tales ( thirty person are going on pilgrimage in cant. In the tabbardin the host suggest that every philgrim
should tell 2 stories going to and 2 coming back).RENAISSANCE (elegant complex , devel. In many fields
-art, music, po 242e43c etry) start Tudor dynasty: after 2 roses war ,
henry 7(intelligent, flair for political
affairs) henry
8 (fond of music. Dance-art , he was catholic but married 6 woman catherine of aragon(mary when divorced soppressed monk, closed monasteries) anne
Boleyn (elisabet 1cultivated 6 language 2 rinforced Anglican church ) jane
of seymours(edwaed6) anne
of cleves Catherine howard
,.parr . Stuart dynasty james 6 (
protestant belived in divine right, spread in E
corruption) important events - group catholics planned to blow in the H of P - dissenters
(pilgrims fathers) decided to live in E ,usa cultural
context period of-cultural Renewal, interesting humanities, filosofical mov., house of outstending personalities Erasmus roth.
, Thomas more(utopia), centre of power was court . religions
spread of Protestantism ( main values - hard work - thift-individualism)
THEATRE (theaomai referred to ritual dionisusor solemn chorus) real communication actors_audience , new form , laic , characters noble heroes but also human types theme clash individual- social order , man's place in universe,clash reality -apparence, influence of stars, mixed audience, was rapresented in noble
houses , court. Sources folk
traditions ( realism) greek theat.(celebration
English story) latin theat.
( division 5 acts , clash human rationality and violent passion) Italian
(comm.. of art , macchiavelli) Places
playhouse (built outside londob bec.
Puritance
refuse) Elizabethan thea. (
circular octagonal, oper in sky, pit was
surrounding by 3 tiers og galleries and boxes, action
continiuos no
curtains) SHAKESPEARE 1616) career 4
periods 1590 1595( romeo..,
midsummer..) 1595 1\600 ( julius Caesar) 1600 1608 ( Othello , machbeth)
1608 1612 ( tempest) complete artist ,
the ploth not original 1 period , greath originally 2
period, characters belong to all social classes, action take place in reality but also mind, used
super nat. elem. MACBETH 1606 dedicated to james 1 themes
man is driven to eternal damnation
by ambition lustfor
power, contrast appearances-reality,represent. Faith
evil sources Seneca tragedies heather boace's Structure introduction( battle)development(prediction of 3 witches) climax( mcb. Is not hing) crisis ( Scottish +E army are going to invade Scotland) decline( mcb considerated a tyrant)
catastrophe(mch killed)
OTHELLO
(1622) main theme how evil can drive to damnation on man araising in him a neg. pass., evil = iago, O. is
a phsycolog. Trag Based on influence of a mind on anather
one Contrast posi. Feel..( o+ desd) neg fee.(prejudice) iago-O. ( series anthitesis ) Iago double face (onest disonest) language (vulgar) aim( ruin Othello) TEMPEST sources book of voyages to America ,
Italian commedia dell'arte themes 1 the growth of spirit ( soul
composed 3 part sensible, rational,
intellectual)supernat. Magic ,(black , white) abuse
of reason( Antonio ) the double( ariel spirit - caliban matheriality, prospero civilized - caliban
primitive) colonisation of England ,shak.'s farewell
to his career. Metaphor shak( last work return to stratford)
prosp (abandon island ) pros. And shak are both directors of a play. PURITAN 1625 charles succeded yames clash king and parliament(supp. By puritans) parliament brought
forward the "petition of rights" it denied the king the right to impose taxes , introduces martial low 1629 dissolved parliament ( new tax ship
money)1640 summoned parliament to subdue a rebellion in Scotland, parliament
limited power started civil war (
cavaliers supported king roundheads s.
parliament) important Cromwell (member of ironsides) parliament won
civil war, monarchy was abolited country become a republic " commonwealth"1660 charles 2 return of monarchy
Society was organised in rank , increase of economy( develop of trade and transport)
importance of London
grew up ( port , increase of population) improvement of condition of poor
Religion dominated national life , sermons become a political weapon .
Puritans (interpretate the bible without priests -
were against some practices- belived in predestination)
THE RESTORATION whith charles
2 power of parliament developed a
lot, 2 different part ( whigs in favour
democracy, tories
in favour monarchy) 1685 james 2 (
catholic) tried to impose it in the whole country 1688 parlament
decided to offer the crown to William orange and mary
. this process was known "bloodless revolution" social p.o.v.
new literature ( hero is noble, new critical trend but also classical spirit) ,
new science ( new vision of world , heliocentre and
mechanic, created royal society , Newton) new philosophy ( explain mysteries of
universe , new esperimental method inductive , locke hobbes ) literature return to classical models ( simplicity)
satire AUGUSTAN AGE wiliam
aon mary estabilished with " act of settlement" that only protestant
heirs could become king, james tried to regain throne
but William wins. Queen anne ( war for spanisch
succession and with act of union connected 2 parliament S-E ) 1714
george 1 Social age of middle class wealthy
merchants ( copy style of nobility) artisans and urban population( develop.
Of texile) Economical
political stability( democracy)
expansion of colonies technological
progress ( invented steam engine , spinning jenny and power loom) effect of A-A
was growth of cities ex London( coffee
houses ) Literature has social charactrers ,
interest in social problems, develop prose ( imp. Of reasons , realism) and
poetry( imagination , fantasy, dreams) satire ( a consequence of analysing
society with realism)NOVEL ( novelist , espression of
midd..) Feature plot can be realistic, complex, chronological
order characters ( common people
or bourgeois people) aim didactical aim , improve moral social values ,
but also entertainment technique long chapters, precise description,
divided in 4 stages ( introduction, breakdown of situation, development , end) narrator can be 1 person ( restrints
reader's view) 2 person( omniscent) theme 1
overt ( cosciounsly indicated by autor
) 2 covert( must be discovered by reader or critic) ROMANTICISM ( the feature imagination emotion feeling) poet catched
gothic novel many features was
associated with ballad: -comb narration _dialogue , frequent repetition. es
Colerige ( suppoted the
ideas of French revolution and formed an utopian community " pantisocraty" ) used an arcaic
language rich in alliteration repetition . es ancian mariner (
atmosphere is charged with mistery because a
combination of supern.
Dream like element .
