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Ordinamento politico
The organization of the reign is based on the act of parliament and on traditions and unwritten 838j93i conventions.
We remember the first step towards limiting the absolute power of the sovereign was taken in 1215 with the Magna Charta signed by King John.
This document granted power to the barons, whose representative started to meet regularity.
Gradually power passed from the monarch to the representatives of the people, that is to say Parliament.
Today the
sovereign of the
She hasn't decisional making power, in fact she's only a symbol and figurehead, above party politics, and she represent the head of the state. She is the head of church Anglican.
She opens and closes Parliament as much for ceremonial reasons as for political ones.
She appoints the Prime Minister, that he's the lead of the majority party after the election, and Cabinet ministers.
A bill doesn't become a law until she has given the Royal Assent and signed it.
She declares war and makes peace, but only on the request of the Prime ministers.
She's the head of:
the COMMONWEALTH;
the armed forces;
She confers honours people who have done something important for the country in one field.
She
receives foreign heads of state at
PARLIAMENT
Parliament is divided in the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
They are divided into:
Lords temporal: people with inherited title and the Life Peers, people with titles given for their lifetime.
Lords spiritual: two Archbishops and the most senior bishops.
Law lords: the most important senior judges. They have only the religious and economical power, they also can amend bills, but it has to sent them back for approval (except for financial ones).
Members of Parliament are elected at least every 5 years by all British citizens over 18.
The party with the majority of seats form the Government and the leader will appoint by the Prime Minister.
He/She called, will choose 20 ministers whom form the executive group called the Cabinet in fact they have the executive power. It decides government policy and coordinates government departments.
The largest minority party forms the Opposition with the Shadow Cabinet, they have the task to control and critic government policy.
Fewer political parties than in
Conservatives believe in
"Law and order" and private enterprise.
During the government of Margaret Toucher called the "Iron Lady "(she
was the first woman that became Prime Minister in
People should be able to stand on their own feet without the help of government.
They are supported by upper and middle class, and they represent the south
part of
(DESTRA LIBERALE)
Labour Party believe in
"nationalization of the country's basic industries". They think that the state should help people when they're in difficulty.
Their traditional support comes from the trade unions and working class
people in industrial areas. Much of their support comes form the North of
England,
They represent ancient class of miners.
(SINISTRA SOCIALISTA)
SMALLER ONES
and two more recent parties:
And they both would like to have a proportional system of representation.
The
Each constituencies elects one members of Parliament.
Il diritto inglese
there aren't written codes, either civil or criminal;
English law is based on common law and on legislation.
Common Law is made up of all decisions taken by judges in the past.
Legislation consists of Act of Parliament, by laws made by local authorities and EC regulations.
When confronted with a case a judge has to decide what the law says about it, The law may be found in any type of legislation., if it isn't , the judge will have to look at the decisions taken by the courts in similar cases.
Judicial power is exercised by the law courts, both for civil and criminal cases.
There are two levels of criminal courts:
Magistrate's Courts which deal with the great majority of criminal cases and in the
Crown Courts are dealt serious offences.
The House of Lords has the function to heard the most import cases of appeal.
The British legal system is the presence of the jury in major criminal trials. The jury consists of twelve men or women, who have the responsibility of deciding if the person who is on trial is innocent or guilty but the sentence will be pronounce from judge.
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